{"id":24314,"date":"2024-11-18T11:15:33","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T09:15:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ukrcy.news\/?p=24314"},"modified":"2024-11-18T11:15:33","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T09:15:33","slug":"seven-myths-about-the-soviet-union-separating-fact-from-fiction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ukrcy.news\/2024\/11\/18\/seven-myths-about-the-soviet-union-separating-fact-from-fiction\/","title":{"rendered":"Seven Myths About the Soviet Union. Separating Fact From Fiction"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"c-prose__lead c-prose__ignore\">\n<p>In 1984, Orwell wrote, \u201cThe Party told you to reject the evidence of your eyes and ears. It was their final, most essential command.\u201d And so it was in the USSR, a dystopia paralleling the fictional Airstrip One where reality and official rhetoric inherently contradict one another.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Here, we present the seven most common myths that painted an idealized image of the Soviet Union, hiding a legacy of control, repression, and hardship that endures to this day.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"gen8f5da3\">Myth 1: Healthcare was universal and specialized<\/h2>\n<p>Although the USSR had twice as many healthcare workers as the US, they regularly\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article-abstract\/35\/6\/1384\/660149?redirectedFrom=fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">lacked<\/a><\/u>\u00a0drugs, anesthetics, and sterilized instruments. Disposable needles were\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article-abstract\/35\/6\/1384\/660149?redirectedFrom=fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">unknown<\/a><\/u>. By 1980 there were only 5 CAT scan machines across the entire Soviet Union\u2014the population at this time was over 262 million. Following the Chornobyl disaster, there were so few available medical supplies, that the Baxter International Corporation of Chicago was voluntarily supplying surgical gloves and blood separating machines.<\/p>\n<p>The government\u2019s indifference to environmental hazards and work conditions also saw an annual 5-6%\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article-abstract\/35\/6\/1384\/660149?redirectedFrom=fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">increase<\/a><\/u>\u00a0in the prevalence of birth anomalies. 200,000 children were being abandoned at institutions yearly.<\/p>\n<p>Between 1949 and 1989, the Soviets carried out 456 secret\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nti.org\/education-center\/facilities\/semipalatinsk-test-site\/#:~:text=The%20first%20Soviet%20nuclear%20weapons,at%20Semipalatinsk%20Test%20Site%20facilities.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">nuclear tests<\/a><\/u>\u00a0at just a single location in Qazaqstan\u00a0<button class=\"c-prose__info\" type=\"button\" data-tooltip-target=\"#id4M5Pm\" data-tooltip-type=\"hover clickable\" aria-describedby=\"#postTooltip\"><\/button>.<\/p>\n<p>Nuclear fallout from the test sites, contamination and exposure from the poorly equipped workers (who were viewed as disposable) resulted in decades of preventable cancers and death.<\/p>\n<p>Families were never told about the nuclear tests, and survivors and victims didn&#8217;t receive compensation. To this day, 40% of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/victims-of-kazakhstan-s-soviet-era-nuclear-tests-feel-abandoned-by-government\/30288299.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">population<\/a>\u00a0suffers from chronic illnesses; rates of cancer and miscarriages remain high.<\/p>\n<figure data-gallery=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/4\/1f\/61ae3bd71149b768736be6a907d461f4.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-gallery-link=\"\" data-pswp-width=\"3000\" data-pswp-height=\"1838\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x\/4\/1f\/61ae3bd71149b768736be6a907d461f4.jpg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x@2x\/4\/1f\/61ae3bd71149b768736be6a907d461f4.jpg 2x\" media=\"(max-width: 412px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x\/4\/1f\/61ae3bd71149b768736be6a907d461f4.jpg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x@2x\/4\/1f\/61ae3bd71149b768736be6a907d461f4.jpg 2x\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/1020x\/4\/1f\/61ae3bd71149b768736be6a907d461f4.jpg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/1020x@2x\/4\/1f\/61ae3bd71149b768736be6a907d461f4.jpg 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1259px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/1020x\/4\/1f\/61ae3bd71149b768736be6a907d461f4.jpg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/1020x@2x\/4\/1f\/61ae3bd71149b768736be6a907d461f4.jpg 2x\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy entered loaded\" title=\"An abandonned Soviet nuclear weapons testing site near the Kazakh town of Semipalatinsk in Kurchatov. AFP PHOTO \/ STANISLAV FILIPPOV via Getty Images\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x\/4\/1f\/61ae3bd71149b768736be6a907d461f4.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x@2x\/4\/1f\/61ae3bd71149b768736be6a907d461f4.jpg 2x\" alt=\"An abandonned Soviet nuclear weapons testing site near the Kazakh town of Semipalatinsk in Kurchatov. AFP PHOTO \/ STANISLAV FILIPPOV via Getty Images\" width=\"720\" height=\"441\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x\/4\/1f\/61ae3bd71149b768736be6a907d461f4.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x@2x\/4\/1f\/61ae3bd71149b768736be6a907d461f4.jpg 2x\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/picture><\/a><figcaption>An abandonned Soviet nuclear weapons testing site near the Kazakh town of Semipalatinsk in Kurchatov. AFP PHOTO \/ STANISLAV FILIPPOV via Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Victims of the Chornobyl nuclear disaster were also limited in their compensation, needing first to pass commissions that assessed their \u201clevel of victimhood\u201d. 65% of the\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.express.co.uk\/news\/world\/1136135\/chernobyl-hbo-series-finale-sky-atlantic-nuclear-disaster-soviet-union-compensation-spt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">compensation<\/a><\/u>\u00a0was never paid out and the burden of proof\u2014that their illness was a result of Chornobyl\u2014lay on the victim. Due to the endless obstacles of the bureaucratic process, many simply gave up.<\/p>\n<p>Access to healthcare and medicine was inherently rooted in resources\u2014both financial and personal connections. In their study, \u201cAnomalies in Soviet Healthcare,\u201d University of Chicago professors Dr. Gary Albrecht and Dr. J. Warren Salmon found that, \u201cMembers of the Communist Party, residents of large urban areas, particularly Moscow, and those who held more privileged positions in society had\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net\/39986656\/Anomalies_in_Soviet_healthcare20151113-3538-1q4y24q-libre.pdf?1447471304=&amp;response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DAnomalies_in_Soviet_healthcare.pdf&amp;Expires=1731088923&amp;Signature=Ox0wFELv90UfDfUC3FUmxX-9k-IE~8dxlDE4mTsLV9iLMIS3hhyb6FWF-11MXZWUdYTaeodssSe6LpKP5z4H5xcpa0LN219c05vMEyI5C3xb1cri7FZ~z25nl6ZbzacMfPgDl~VN80lD7ySCaSn~Tv3jXaJSV-AQHKCIq5K0Gi4wABA2yy5DuFO4nimAyYAHFAa444tJ4hrgm68ov0XAJg4C3w~gczVfsin-Rr5d4QyAm9ll~KNWjJxe2X2-6iFoNB5QxO3kU3IGMTh8vBcEdTSor9WsJF4WWlYj0kmmSTlHu2ZaC~R1-8xyhrEAGWVpjl5ZX1stgUi337~XHL6JlQ__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">access<\/a><\/u>\u00a0to a series of polyclinics and hospitals that are superior.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Kremlin officials had their own hospitals and those at the very top reached outside the Soviet apparatus to the West to access procedures and medicines that were either unavailable or in short supply under the Soviet Union.<\/p>\n<p>Using the health of its citizens as a measure, the USSR was not a developed state. The infant mortality\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article-abstract\/35\/6\/1384\/660149?redirectedFrom=fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">rate<\/a><\/u>\u00a0was 3x higher than in Western Europe. Widespread infant illness was linked to contaminated formula; even though the problem was recognized for several years, it went unresolved.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"gen772ebe\">Myth 2: Abortion was legal, safe, and accessible<\/h2>\n<p>Abortion was legalized in the USSR in 1920, however, the state initiated \u201cspecial abortion commissions\u201d whose main responsibility was to establish a hierarchical approach to abortion.<\/p>\n<p>Women with children were the last to qualify for access to abortion; later, under Stalin, a special tax was introduced for women with less than 3 children.<\/p>\n<p>The conditions in the clinics were abysmal. Women were given abortions without anesthetic or any personal care, with several abortions being performed at once.<\/p>\n<p>The following is just one witness recollection from historian and gender studies scholar Amy E. Randall\u2019s research in the Journal of\u00a0 Women\u2019s History:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf a woman has made up her mind to have an abortion, she is in for a round of tortures. The abortion clinic on Lermontov Prospekt\u00a0<button class=\"c-prose__info\" type=\"button\" data-tooltip-target=\"#idrltUC\" data-tooltip-type=\"hover clickable\" aria-describedby=\"#postTooltip\"><\/button>\u00a0is a monstrous institution\u2014a slaughterhouse, as women themselves call it. The treatment capacity of the clinic is two hundred to three hundred patients a day. The women are put in lines in front of the operating room. Two and sometimes six women are operated on at the same time.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>It was not uncommon for women to faint\u2014some were tied to the cot during the procedure. Some women underwent ten, even twenty abortions over the course of their reproductive years due to non-existent sex education &amp; contraception.<\/p>\n<p>In Lenin&#8217;s\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-349-04567-9_12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">view<\/a><\/u>, birth control was a bourgeoisie tool \u201cagainst the proliferation of the poor\u201d and abortion became the primary form of family planning. Because women lacked access to contraceptives, 10-16 million abortions were performed annually. The average woman underwent 6-12 abortions during her childbearing years, often resulting in uterine damage.<\/p>\n<p>Despite abortion being legal on paper, aggressive pro-life\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/scholarcommons.scu.edu\/history\/61\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">propaganda<\/a><\/u>\u00a0was rampant. Anti-choice posters included headlines such as: \u201c[And to think that] I wanted an abortion\u2026\u201d \u201cAbortion will deprive you of happiness,\u201d \u201cInfertility and bitter loneliness are common consequences of abortion\u201d and \u201cStop! Abortion seems necessary now, but remember that it can forever deprive you of the happiness of motherhood.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure data-gallery=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/b\/9b\/27c4e3a31705bde75134f8bcab0a09bb.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-gallery-link=\"\" data-pswp-width=\"658\" data-pswp-height=\"514\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x\/b\/9b\/27c4e3a31705bde75134f8bcab0a09bb.jpg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x@2x\/b\/9b\/27c4e3a31705bde75134f8bcab0a09bb.jpg 2x\" media=\"(max-width: 412px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x\/b\/9b\/27c4e3a31705bde75134f8bcab0a09bb.jpg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x@2x\/b\/9b\/27c4e3a31705bde75134f8bcab0a09bb.jpg 2x\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/1020x\/b\/9b\/27c4e3a31705bde75134f8bcab0a09bb.jpg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/1020x@2x\/b\/9b\/27c4e3a31705bde75134f8bcab0a09bb.jpg 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1259px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/1020x\/b\/9b\/27c4e3a31705bde75134f8bcab0a09bb.jpg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/1020x@2x\/b\/9b\/27c4e3a31705bde75134f8bcab0a09bb.jpg 2x\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy entered loaded\" title=\"Soviet-era anti-abortion poster reading \u201cInfertility and bitter loneliness are common consequences of abortion\u201d&quot; (Source: Michigan State University)\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x\/b\/9b\/27c4e3a31705bde75134f8bcab0a09bb.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x@2x\/b\/9b\/27c4e3a31705bde75134f8bcab0a09bb.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Soviet-era anti-abortion poster reading \u201cInfertility and bitter loneliness are common consequences of abortion\u201d&quot; (Source: Michigan State University)\" width=\"720\" height=\"562\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x\/b\/9b\/27c4e3a31705bde75134f8bcab0a09bb.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x@2x\/b\/9b\/27c4e3a31705bde75134f8bcab0a09bb.jpg 2x\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/picture><\/a><figcaption>Soviet-era anti-abortion poster reading \u201cInfertility and bitter loneliness are common consequences of abortion\u201d&#8221; (Source: Michigan State University)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-gallery=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/1\/96\/42f4d37b26fe287999cc5d33a00b7961.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-gallery-link=\"\" data-pswp-width=\"600\" data-pswp-height=\"400\"><picture><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy entered loaded\" title=\"Soviet-era anti-abortion poster reading \u201c[And to think that] I wanted an abortion\u2026\u201d (Source: Michigan State University)\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/1\/96\/42f4d37b26fe287999cc5d33a00b7961.jpg\" alt=\"Soviet-era anti-abortion poster reading \u201c[And to think that] I wanted an abortion\u2026\u201d (Source: Michigan State University)\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/1\/96\/42f4d37b26fe287999cc5d33a00b7961.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/picture><\/a><figcaption>Soviet-era anti-abortion poster reading \u201c[And to think that] I wanted an abortion\u2026\u201d (Source: Michigan State University)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Those who carried their pregnancies to term and placed their babies for adoption, were not treated with any more understanding.<\/p>\n<p>The press began to\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.ucr.edu\/discovery\/fulldisplay?docid=alma991027293029704706&amp;context=L&amp;vid=01CDL_RIV_INST:UCR&amp;lang=en&amp;search_scope=Everything&amp;adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&amp;tab=Everything&amp;query=sub,exact,Perestroi%CC%86ka,AND&amp;mode=advanced&amp;offset=50\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">call<\/a><\/u>\u00a0birth mothers &#8220;cuckoo-mothers&#8221; and the Committee of Soviet Women wanted cuckoo-mothers\u02bc passports stamped, branding them, and comparing them to criminals.<\/p>\n<p>It was also suggested that a woman&#8217;s workplace be notified if she ended a pregnancy in any way.<\/p>\n<p>After the 1936 abortion ban, state propaganda began to play on women\u02bcs sense of femininity, encouraging women to \u201ccultivate their femininity [&#8230;] defined as women\u02bcs innate capacities to nurture and serve\u201d\u2014this message was pervasive across print media, radio, and within the arts. Women were not only required to work and parent\u2014but also be attractive to the male gaze.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"gen7ff2a2\">Myth 3: The Soviet education system was the best in the world<\/h2>\n<p>In an environment so heavily informed by propaganda, or in Orwell\u2019s words, double-think, it\u2019s only natural that indoctrination begins at an early age. Soviet educational\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.ca\/books\/edition\/Issues_in_Soviet_Education\/cbSz2-lonSYC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=failures+of+soviet+education&amp;pg=PA16&amp;printsec=frontcover\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">practices<\/a><\/u>\u00a0heavily subscribed to fear-based and labor-intensive approaches rooted in morality.<\/p>\n<p>Students were required to stand up when a teacher entered the class room and punishments for wrong answers involved various forms of shame and humiliation. Buildings were crumbling, textbooks outdated, teachers under-motivated, and 40% of schools in the Soviet Union lacked indoor plumbing. All aspects of learning were tightly controlled and overseen by party officials.<\/p>\n<p>It is unsurprising then, that even among all the boasting of the world\u2019s best literacy rates, only 20% of students in 1940\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/1953\/04\/soviet-education\/640302\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">advanced<\/a><\/u>\u00a0from 7th grade.<\/p>\n<p>Out of those who did graduate from 10-year schools, only 1 in 5 went on to pursue higher education, limited by competitive union-wide entry exams and fees amounting to 300-500 rubles.<\/p>\n<p>The scope of education was also limited primarily to industry, construction, agriculture and health\u2014less than 10% of universities in the Soviet Union focused on the arts or social sciences.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"gend1539a\">Myth 4: Equal pay for equal work<\/h2>\n<p>While it\u2019s true that nearly all women worked outside of the home, they were far from the idealized emancipated or liberated image of a working woman. Instead, women were mobilized by the state to strengthen the construction of a planned central economy. Unlike men, women shouldered the double burden of underpaid work and unpaid domestic labor.<\/p>\n<p>While there were state cafeterias, nurseries, and laundries\u2014they were primarily staffed by women, who continued to perform those same tasks within the home as well.<\/p>\n<p>State laundries only accounted for 2% of the domestic burden; state cafeterias for only 5%<\/p>\n<p>As Dr. Melanie Ili\u010d, a professor of Soviet history at the University of Gloucestershire,\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.ca\/books\/edition\/Women_in_the_Stalin_Era\/0St-DAAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=women+in+the+stalin+era&amp;printsec=frontcover\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">noted<\/a><\/u>, &#8220;women\u02bcs participation in the Soviet economy did not provide for women\u02bcs liberation. Rather, it simply expanded the spheres in which women could be exploited.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Gender-based discrimination was rife in Soviet workplaces with women\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1467-9914.00114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">averaging<\/a><\/u>\u00a0only 65% of men\u2019s earnings. The state understood that widowed or abandoned mothers would accept mere rubles out of desperation; collective bargaining or collective self-organizing was\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.ca\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=r2yLDAAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PP1&amp;dq=gendered+domestic+labor+in+the+soviet+union&amp;ots=uczzYlbLLz&amp;sig=PhV9VagNIsn6CmhCYs_zbBgXlpk#v=onepage&amp;q=gendered%20domestic%20labor%20in%20the%20soviet%20union&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">prohibited<\/a><\/u>. By 1956, the state had\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.ca\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=r2yLDAAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PP1&amp;dq=gendered+domestic+labor+in+the+soviet+union&amp;ots=uczzYlbLLz&amp;sig=PhV9VagNIsn6CmhCYs_zbBgXlpk#v=onepage&amp;q=gendered%20domestic%20labor%20in%20the%20soviet%20union&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">outlined<\/a>\u00a0over 2000 different skill levels, a tool used to suppress the potential for wage increases since skill assessment was discretionary and involved bribery.<\/p>\n<p>Analysis of Soviet propaganda posters also provides valuable insight on the discrepancy between official and subliminal Soviet messaging.<\/p>\n<p>This 1964 poster, for example, can roughly be translated as \u201cYour pay reflects your work performance\u201d\u2014a point that few would argue with, yet the contrast between the well-paid blonde with Slavic features and the darker-skin, black-hair man with Caucasian features reveals the hypocrisy behind the party\u2019s carefully curated statements:<\/p>\n<figure data-gallery=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/e\/84\/1ca06bc3640ac6062264789ae455784e.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-gallery-link=\"\" data-pswp-width=\"476\" data-pswp-height=\"700\"><picture><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy entered loaded\" title=\"Soviet-era poster reading \u201cEarned as much as you worked\u201c Image Source: Alamy \" src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/e\/84\/1ca06bc3640ac6062264789ae455784e.jpg\" alt=\"Soviet-era poster reading \u201cEarned as much as you worked\u201c Image Source: Alamy \" width=\"476\" height=\"700\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/e\/84\/1ca06bc3640ac6062264789ae455784e.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/picture><\/a><figcaption>Soviet-era poster reading \u201cEarned as much as you worked\u201c Image Source: Alamy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Official party rhetoric claimed that all people were equal in the USSR\u2014but some were more equal than others.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"gen0bfe04\">Myth 5: \u201cFrom each according to his ability, to each according to his needs\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>The USSR is often romanticized as a utopia that fulfilled the needs of its people, guided by the principle \u201cfrom each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.\u201d In reality, entire groups\u2014particularly people with disabilities\u2014were marginalized, institutionalized, forcibly sterilized, and, in some cases,\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/stalin-great-terror-deaf-mute-fascist-terrorist-saboteurs-levashovo\/28705127.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">executed<\/a><\/u>.<\/p>\n<p>Leonid Zakovsky, a Soviet police chief responsible for the execution of hundreds of people, used to\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/stalin-great-terror-deaf-mute-fascist-terrorist-saboteurs-levashovo\/28705127.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">say<\/a><\/u>, \u201cWhy are you whining about your sick and your crippled [&#8230;] if someone is crippled or maimed, send him to be shot and that&#8217;s it. No problem.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Those who survived had no material or financial support. A person who required a wheelchair was entitled to receive a free one from the state for 5 years\u2014however, the wait time was often years and the chairs were bulky, heavy and impractical. Buying one from abroad was both financially impossible, and illegal.<\/p>\n<p>Following World War II, the population of people with disabilities, in particular amputees, increased exponentially.<\/p>\n<p>The Soviet language had a new name for this demographic: Samovary\u00a0<button class=\"c-prose__info\" type=\"button\" data-tooltip-target=\"#id2rdlS\" data-tooltip-type=\"hover clickable\" aria-describedby=\"#postTooltip\"><\/button>\u00a0or more\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/dsq-sds.org\/index.php\/dsq\/article\/view\/936\/1111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">specifically<\/a><\/u>, \u201chuman stumps on little wheels.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>It was not uncommon to see injured veterans at metro and train stations, clad in medals, selling the last of their possessions, or begging.<\/p>\n<p>At this time, there were approximately 2.6 million amputee war veterans (this figure doesn&#8217;t account for all other disabilities).<\/p>\n<figure data-gallery=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/e\/47\/1d427a2f0e324c877346c54fb39da47e.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-gallery-link=\"\" data-pswp-width=\"1600\" data-pswp-height=\"1334\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x\/e\/47\/1d427a2f0e324c877346c54fb39da47e.jpg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x@2x\/e\/47\/1d427a2f0e324c877346c54fb39da47e.jpg 2x\" media=\"(max-width: 412px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x\/e\/47\/1d427a2f0e324c877346c54fb39da47e.jpg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x@2x\/e\/47\/1d427a2f0e324c877346c54fb39da47e.jpg 2x\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/1020x\/e\/47\/1d427a2f0e324c877346c54fb39da47e.jpg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/1020x@2x\/e\/47\/1d427a2f0e324c877346c54fb39da47e.jpg 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1259px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/1020x\/e\/47\/1d427a2f0e324c877346c54fb39da47e.jpg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/1020x@2x\/e\/47\/1d427a2f0e324c877346c54fb39da47e.jpg 2x\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy entered loaded\" title=\"Valery Fefelov\u2019s book featuring the phrase a Soviet representative said at the 1980 Moscow Olympics: \u201cThere are no invalids in the USSR!\u201d when asked about the Soviet Union\u2019s participation in the first Paralympic Games.\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x\/e\/47\/1d427a2f0e324c877346c54fb39da47e.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x@2x\/e\/47\/1d427a2f0e324c877346c54fb39da47e.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Valery Fefelov\u2019s book featuring the phrase a Soviet representative said at the 1980 Moscow Olympics: \u201cThere are no invalids in the USSR!\u201d when asked about the Soviet Union\u2019s participation in the first Paralympic Games.\" width=\"720\" height=\"600\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x\/e\/47\/1d427a2f0e324c877346c54fb39da47e.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x@2x\/e\/47\/1d427a2f0e324c877346c54fb39da47e.jpg 2x\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/picture><\/a><figcaption>Valery Fefelov\u2019s book featuring the phrase a Soviet representative said at the 1980 Moscow Olympics: \u201cThere are no invalids in the USSR!\u201d when asked about the Soviet Union\u2019s participation in the first Paralympic Games.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>It wasn\u2019t until 1968 that people with disabilities were granted permission to work jobs outside of an institution setting; still, approximately only 1 in 35 were\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/dsq-sds.org\/index.php\/dsq\/article\/view\/936\/1111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">employed<\/a><\/u>.<\/p>\n<p>In the 1970s there were thousands of institutions (1500 officially recorded as of 1979) that housed hundreds of thousands of disabled people in warehouse-like conditions across the USSR.<\/p>\n<p>It wasn\u2019t uncommon for young disabled people in their 20s to be institutionalized in senior-specific homes with people who were dying, or already dead.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"gena27426\">Myth 6: Motherhood was generously compensated, women\u2019s domestic burden\u2014alleviated<\/h2>\n<p>In 1980, women (including single mothers)\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/1354570042000217711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">received<\/a><\/u>\u00a05 rubles monthly for one child, 7.5 rubles for two children, and 10 rubles for three children.<\/p>\n<p>These amounts remained unchanged since the late 1940s. The monthly poverty line was 66 rubles.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, the state relied heavily on coordinated propaganda and the issuing of meaningless \u201cmother medals\u201d to encourage women to procreate in unsustainable conditions.<\/p>\n<p>As with all other facets of life in the Soviet Union, motherhood was hierarchized:<\/p>\n<p>Mother Heroine was\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/politics-and-gender\/article\/gender-gap-in-civil-state-decorations-a-comparative-study-of-the-baltic-states-19942020\/79A880D13738F0081C2A8EDA86315D0C\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">awarded<\/a><\/u>\u00a0to women who birthed and raised 10 or more children, Order of Maternal Glory to those with 7-9 children, and Medal of Motherhood to those with 5-6 children.<\/p>\n<figure data-gallery=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/b\/76\/0e63de16ea1f4508229a13589759576b.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-gallery-link=\"\" data-pswp-width=\"623\" data-pswp-height=\"830\"><picture><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy entered loaded\" title=\"Soviet-era poster reading, &quot;Glory to the Mother Heroine.&quot; Image Source: Alamy \" src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/b\/76\/0e63de16ea1f4508229a13589759576b.jpg\" alt=\"Soviet-era poster reading, &quot;Glory to the Mother Heroine.&quot; Image Source: Alamy \" width=\"623\" height=\"830\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/b\/76\/0e63de16ea1f4508229a13589759576b.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/picture><\/a><figcaption>Soviet-era poster reading, &#8220;Glory to the Mother Heroine.&#8221; Image Source: Alamy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In August 2022, Putin reintroduced the Mother Heroine award established by Stalin in 1944.<\/p>\n<p>This return to Soviet-era practice (which had been abandoned in 1991) was unsurprising considering that earlier couples in certain Russian regions were eligible to win refrigerators and other\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/wbna20268426\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">prizes<\/a><\/u>\u00a0if they \u201cbirthed a patriot\u201d on June 12th, exactly 9 months after the September 12th \u201cDay of Conception.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"gen2f6638\">Myth 7: All cultures were equally respected<\/h2>\n<p>The fallacy of this sentiment can be summarized entirely in Stalin\u2019s May 24th, 1945\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ieg-ego.eu\/en\/threads\/models-and-stereotypes\/russification-sovietization\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">toast<\/a><\/u>: &#8220;To the health of our Soviet people\u2014and above all\u2014the Russian people,&#8221; which reflected the Kremlin\u2019s position of distinct Russo-centrism across all spheres of daily life.<\/p>\n<p>Although the formal party position was predicated on internationalism and the creation of a \u201cpan-Soviet\u201d citizen, Stalin\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/avim.org.tr\/public\/images\/uploads\/files\/Mehmet%20O%C4%9Fuzhan%20TULUN(1).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">shared<\/a><\/u>\u00a0the views of Russian nationalists and heavily\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/avim.org.tr\/public\/images\/uploads\/files\/Mehmet%20O%C4%9Fuzhan%20TULUN(1).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">prioritized<\/a><\/u>\u00a0the interests of ethnic Russians.<\/p>\n<p>Russification\u2014the process of forced assimilation, name changes, language bans, and terror campaigns\u2014was a foundational and ever-present practice imposed upon all the countries under Russian occupation. Russian was the\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/999715\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">official<\/a><\/u>\u00a0language of the Soviet Union and the\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/avim.org.tr\/public\/images\/uploads\/files\/Mehmet%20O%C4%9Fuzhan%20TULUN(1).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">only<\/a><\/u>\u00a0language of operation in all major academic, scientific, and cultural institutions. While nearly all Soviet citizens learned Russian from a young age, ethnic Russians who relocated to other republics rarely learned the local language.<\/p>\n<p>In Sakartvelo\u00a0<button class=\"c-prose__info\" type=\"button\" data-tooltip-target=\"#idHQcAG\" data-tooltip-type=\"hover clickable\" aria-describedby=\"#postTooltip\"><\/button>, when Russian was declared the official language, all textbooks and dissertations written in Georgian were\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/er.chdtu.edu.ua\/bitstream\/ChSTU\/1599\/1\/11th%20Conference%20Part%202.pdf#page=49\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">banned<\/a><\/u>\u00a0and it was\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/er.chdtu.edu.ua\/bitstream\/ChSTU\/1599\/1\/11th%20Conference%20Part%202.pdf#page=49\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">forbidden<\/a><\/u>\u00a0to defend a PhD dissertation not written in Russian. Non-Russian Soviet citizens wishing to participate in, and contribute to, public life were forced into colonial linguistic and cultural assimilation.<\/p>\n<p>In the Baltic countries, Estonians, Latvians, and Lithuanians had no choice but to receive all government services in the occupiers\u2019 language\u2014Russian. In many regions in the Baltics, the local populations were pushed out by mass deportations and the Soviet Union\u2019s settlement of ethnic Russians; by 1989, Latvians\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/avim.org.tr\/public\/images\/uploads\/files\/Mehmet%20O%C4%9Fuzhan%20TULUN(1).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">represented<\/a><\/u>\u00a0only 52% of Latvia\u2019s population\u2014ethnic Latvians became minorities in Riga and six other cities.<\/p>\n<p>Similar patterns of populating ethnic Russians to replace killed or deported local communities were especially prevalent in Qazaqstan after the 1930-33 man-made famine that\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1079304.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">killed<\/a><\/u>\u00a02.3 million Qazaqs and in Ukraine, after the 1932-33 man-made famine Holodomor\u00a0<button class=\"c-prose__info\" type=\"button\" data-tooltip-target=\"#idOqgct\" data-tooltip-type=\"hover clickable\" aria-describedby=\"#postTooltip\"><\/button>\u00a0that\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/zaborona.com\/v-ukrayini-dosi-zapeklo-sperechayutsya-skilky-lyudej-zagynulo-pid-chas-golodomoru\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">killed<\/a><\/u>\u00a0approximately 5 million Ukrainians.<\/p>\n<p>In 1926, Ukrainians comprised 21% of the Soviet Union and were the largest ethnic population. It comes as no surprise that Moscow\u2019s brutal policies of the 1920s and 30s targeted Ukrainian identity with particular force. Under Soviet occupation, Ukraine\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.husj.harvard.edu\/articles\/fighting-soviet-myths-the-ukrainian-experience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">became<\/a><\/u>\u00a0one of the most russified Soviet republics, in part because Russians viewed (and continue to view) Ukraine as nothing more than an extension of Russia.<\/p>\n<p>Traditionally Ukrainian (and many other non-Russian) last names were altered with ov\/ova and ev\/eva suffixes, folk traditions such as Malanka\u00a0<button class=\"c-prose__info\" type=\"button\" data-tooltip-target=\"#idRQ2Be\" data-tooltip-type=\"hover clickable\" aria-describedby=\"#postTooltip\"><\/button>\u00a0were outlawed, the Ukrainian language was\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/euromaidanpress.com\/2017\/02\/22\/a-short-guide-to-the-linguicide-of-the-ukrainian-language-infographics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">banned<\/a><\/u>\u00a0more than 60 times tracing back to the Russian Empire and reduced to so-called \u201cvillage speak,\u201d and Ukrainian-speaking creatives and intellectuals were killed during the Executed Renaissance.<\/p>\n<p>Propaganda imagery presented Ukrainians as lazy feeble-minded in contrast to the robust Russian workers typical to the socialist-realism style of the time.<\/p>\n<p>Here, this 1963\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6hlkN_JXicU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">poster<\/a><\/u>\u00a0(written in Ukrainian to specifically target Ukrainians in the west of Ukraine) says: \u201cDo not sleep during the harvest\u2014you\u2019ll miss the crop gathering!\u201d Of course, a fat and lazy stylized man is depicted in a recognizable vyshyvanka, immediately signaling his Ukrainian identity:<\/p>\n<figure data-gallery=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/c\/c1\/6384b230c91272d4c393d1d71effdc1c.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-gallery-link=\"\" data-pswp-width=\"386\" data-pswp-height=\"540\"><picture><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy entered loaded\" title=\"Soviet-era poster reading, \u201cDo not sleep during the harvest\u2014you\u2019ll miss the crop gathering!\u201d (Image source: Vasyl Kosiv's lecture for the Center for Urban History)\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/c\/c1\/6384b230c91272d4c393d1d71effdc1c.jpeg\" alt=\"Soviet-era poster reading, \u201cDo not sleep during the harvest\u2014you\u2019ll miss the crop gathering!\u201d (Image source: Vasyl Kosiv's lecture for the Center for Urban History)\" width=\"386\" height=\"540\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/c\/c1\/6384b230c91272d4c393d1d71effdc1c.jpeg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/picture><\/a><figcaption>Soviet-era poster reading, \u201cDo not sleep during the harvest\u2014you\u2019ll miss the crop gathering!\u201d (Image source: Vasyl Kosiv&#8217;s lecture for the Center for Urban History)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In this 1964 circus ad, the \u201cclowns\u201d are simply men in a Ukrainian vyshyvanka and in another circus ad, this time from 1978, the central object of entertainment is depicted in traditional attire native to the west of Ukraine:<\/p>\n<div class=\"grid md:grid-cols-2 gap-5 my-9\">\n<figure class=\"m-0\" data-gallery=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/f\/3b\/f0164136a280b024046665030ec7c3bf.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-gallery-link=\"\" data-pswp-width=\"434\" data-pswp-height=\"608\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x\/f\/3b\/f0164136a280b024046665030ec7c3bf.jpeg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x@2x\/f\/3b\/f0164136a280b024046665030ec7c3bf.jpeg 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1280px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x\/f\/3b\/f0164136a280b024046665030ec7c3bf.jpeg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x@2x\/f\/3b\/f0164136a280b024046665030ec7c3bf.jpeg 2x\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy entered loaded\" title=\"Soviet-era circus poster(Image source: Vasyl Kosiv's lecture for the Center for Urban History)\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x\/f\/3b\/f0164136a280b024046665030ec7c3bf.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x@2x\/f\/3b\/f0164136a280b024046665030ec7c3bf.jpeg 2x\" alt=\"Soviet-era circus poster(Image source: Vasyl Kosiv's lecture for the Center for Urban History)\" width=\"360\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x\/f\/3b\/f0164136a280b024046665030ec7c3bf.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x@2x\/f\/3b\/f0164136a280b024046665030ec7c3bf.jpeg 2x\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/picture><\/a><figcaption>Soviet-era circus poster(Image source: Vasyl Kosiv&#8217;s lecture for the Center for Urban History)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"m-0\" data-gallery=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/x\/2\/23\/da91449aebb0240d6aa8e2de93068232.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-gallery-link=\"\" data-pswp-width=\"446\" data-pswp-height=\"624\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x\/2\/23\/da91449aebb0240d6aa8e2de93068232.jpeg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x@2x\/2\/23\/da91449aebb0240d6aa8e2de93068232.jpeg 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1280px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x\/2\/23\/da91449aebb0240d6aa8e2de93068232.jpeg 1x, https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/720x@2x\/2\/23\/da91449aebb0240d6aa8e2de93068232.jpeg 2x\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy entered loaded\" title=\"Soviet-era circus poster (Image source: Vasyl Kosiv's lecture for the Center for Urban History)\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x\/2\/23\/da91449aebb0240d6aa8e2de93068232.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x@2x\/2\/23\/da91449aebb0240d6aa8e2de93068232.jpeg 2x\" alt=\"Soviet-era circus poster (Image source: Vasyl Kosiv's lecture for the Center for Urban History)\" width=\"360\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x\/2\/23\/da91449aebb0240d6aa8e2de93068232.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.united24media.com\/thumbs\/360x@2x\/2\/23\/da91449aebb0240d6aa8e2de93068232.jpeg 2x\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/picture><\/a><figcaption>Soviet-era circus poster (Image source: Vasyl Kosiv&#8217;s lecture for the Center for Urban History)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>In this way, Soviet propaganda posters give us insight into the absurdism of Russia\u2019s colonial relationship with Ukrainians\u2014the Russian worldview sees us as simultaneously a \u201cbrotherly nation\u201d belonging to them as well as an enemy from within that must be destroyed.<\/p>\n<p>Orwell opens Animal Farm by writing, \u201cLet&#8217;s face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short.\u201d For a man who never set foot in the Soviet Union, he aptly captured what it meant to live through\u2014and often die because of\u2014Moscow\u2019s autocratic regime that surpassed the terror of dystopian fiction.<\/p>\n<p><em>Source\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/united24media.com\/anti-fake\/seven-myths-about-the-soviet-union-separating-fact-from-fiction-3707\">United24 media<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1984, Orwell wrote, \u201cThe Party told you to reject the evidence of your eyes and ears. It was their final, most essential command.\u201d And so it was in the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24315,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24314","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ukrcy-news-eng","category-novyny"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Seven Myths About the Soviet Union. Separating Fact From Fiction - UKRCY.NEWS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ukrcy.news\/2024\/11\/18\/seven-myths-about-the-soviet-union-separating-fact-from-fiction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"uk_UA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Seven Myths About the Soviet Union. Separating Fact From Fiction - UKRCY.NEWS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In 1984, Orwell wrote, \u201cThe Party told you to reject the evidence of your eyes and ears. 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